Cement paving.



PATENTED DEC. 25, 1906.

R. KIBSERLING.

CEMENT PAVING.

APPLICATION FILED mm; 2, 1905.

ROBERT KIEsERLING. OF ALTONA, GERMANY.

CEMENT PAVING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 25, 1906.

Application filed June 2,1905- Serial No. 263.398.

To all whom it mag concern.-

Be it known that 1, ROBERT KIESERLING, a subject of the German Emperor,and a resident of Altona, Elbe, Germany, have invented a new andImproved Cement Paving, of whichthe following is a full, clear, andexact description.

The present invention relates to improvecracks appear after a short'timein pavingmade from concrete or other cement mixtures, which cracks leadto the destruction of the pavement. According to my invention I avoidthis irregular formation of cracks by providing for the occurrence ofcracks at definite places and by arranging for them to run in adirection previously determined upon.

With this object in view I embed in my new aving, made from cement orany preferre cement mixture, but peferably from finerained concrete,an-iron armature fas tene to the paving surrounding it suitably by meansof hooks, gaggers, or in any suitable manner, said armature being in theform of a channel. I fill these channels with an elastic substancepreventing the penetration of waterfor example, tar, hard-lead lute, orcaoutchouc. I produce the above-mentioned channel by embedding in thepaving two iron bars parallel to one another and arranged at a distanceof about one centimeter from one another. Said iron bars may consist ofan undivided strip or of several strips ranged in a row. These bars orstripsare connected firmly with the adjacent paving. I connect the barsor strips firmly with the surrounding paving-in any suitable manner, sothat a gap can never arise between the two. The form, breadth, andposition of the channels produced in the paving in th1s way can vary toa very large extent. I prefer in general to lay such channelstransversely through the paving. However, the same may be maderectilinear or curved or even serpentiform. I also employ angularchannels, and, in fact, I do not limit myself at all to any definiteform, size, or position for such channels. After the paving has set Ifill the channel with tar, pitch, or any other substance Which is asimpermeable as possible to water. In addition to these transversechannels I lay similar channels at the sides of the paving in such a waythat the same form the bounding-lines of the paving or lie near the sideedges of the paving.

In order to illustrate my present invention more clearly, I will nowrefer to the accompanying drawings.

In said drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of a part of a street provided withmy new pav ing. Fig. 2 is a vertical section, on a larger scale, throughan elastic joint according to my invention produced in a street-paving.Fig. 3 is a side elevation, shown partly broken, of the iron armaturewhich is employed according to my invention for the production of achannel. Fig. 4 is a section on the line 5 5 in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is aplan, shownpartially broken, of the iron armature represented in Fig. 3.Fig. 6 is a plan of a part of this armature. Fig. 7 is a section on theline 6 6 in Fig. 6. Fi 8 is a side elevation, drawn on a larger sca e,of a hook adapted to serve for connecting the sides of the channel withthe paving.

The same reference characters indicate in all the figures the same orsimilar parts.

The street represented in Fig. 1 consists, essentially, of street-pavinga and lateral curbstones b b, which can'be manufactured from natural orartificial stone.

The street-paving a is traversed by channels c c and channels (1 d. Thechannels 0 are contiguous with the curbstones b and the channels 0 withthe curbstones b. It must, however, not be forgotten to emphasize thefact that the channels 0 0 could also lie at some distance from thecurbstone. In this case also they may suitably run parallel to thecurbstones.

The channels (1 and d, in place of which, of course, channels of otherform and running in another direction could be employed, run obtusely toether and form an angular channel d whic extends from the channels a tothe channels 0. As is evident from Fig. 1, not only one channel 11 d,but several such channels, at equal or unequal distances from oneanother, are embedded 'in the. paving. I

prefer-to make the distance between these channels about fifteen totwenty feet; but I do not, of course, limit myself to observing thisdistance.

The upper edges of the channels 0 c d d lie exactly in the plane of thestreet-paving a. The latter may sometimes consist of an undivided layerof concrete. However, I usually prefer to produce this paving from aplurality of, usually two, layers a and a lying one above the other, ofwhich the latter is made from specially hard concrete having thecapacity of offering great resistance. In the layer a theabove-mentioned channels are produced. This is effected in the followingway: After the under layer a has set, which layer, moreover, I wishespecially to point out, might also consist of separate concrete slabs,an area a is covered with a suitable concrete, which is advantageouslyrammed down, this concrete extending, indeed, to the sides of'thepreviouslylaid channels c c and d d. Each channel consist of iron rails(pieces of flat iron) e e, on the outer side'ofwhich, and consequentlyon the side turned towardthe concrete layer (L lugs e are situated, saidlu s being-provided with eyes through which ooks f can be placed. Thesehooks are embedded in with the concrete layer a and cause the rails e tofirmly adhere to the concrete after the hardening of the layer. It isobvious that instead of such hooks any other desired means may beemployed in order to connect the rails e e firmly with the concretesurrounding them. The rails e are parallel to the rails e and may be ata distance from one another of about one centimeter. In order to obtainthis distance in a simple-and certain manner, round iron rods 9 orsimilar rod-shaped pieces are placed vertically between the rails e ande and clamps h are then slipped over the latter, said clamps beingtaken-oflsubsequently that is,- after the rails have been surroundedwith concrete and after the latter has sufiiciently set to permit itbeing trodden upon. The removal can be readily effected b withdrawingthe clamps upward. After t e area a has been finished a new area a isformedfrom the concrete, the latter being spread out and rammed, startinfrom the rails e or e. In this manner one eld a. after another isproduced, the channels" 1: 0 being formed in exactly the samemanner'near the curbstone b b as the channels d d. After the concrete ofthe upper layer has sufliciently set the rods 9 are withdrawn from theempty space i and the latter isfilled up with tar 'i' or the like.

I sometimes prefer to employ supportingplates for the rails e e, saidplates I: being placed upon the layer a at short distances of about twoto three feet from one another, the'rails'e e being then placed uponthese. As canbe seen rom Fig; 2, a cap 7c is placed over each end ofthese plates is. The sides is I between their e of each cap k do nottouch the supportingplate k, but a space 7c is left free between the capand the plate. The object of the formation of this space k is to preventthe concrete layer (1. advancing against the supportingplates is anddisplacing the same on account of the contraction occurring inconsequence of variations in temperature. By arranging the caps k in themanner represented a displacement of the plate k is completely out ofthe question.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, andtwo fiat iron bars set on edge, adjacent to each other, upon the lowerlayer and embedded in the upper layer, which registers with the top edgeofthe bars, and an elastic substance filling the channel between thebars, substantially as described.

2. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, andtwo adjacent, continuous rows of flat iron bars set on edge, end to end,upon the lower layer and embedded in the u per layer, and an elasticsubstance filling t echannel between the bars, substantially asdescribed.

3. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, andtwo adjacent rows of flat iron bars set on edge upon the lower layer andembedded in the upper layer, an elastic substance filling the channelbetween the bars, said bars presenting perforated bosses at intervals,and hooks passing through the bossed parts and lying embedded in theupper layer, substantially as described.

4. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers,plates located at intervals upon the lower layer, two adjacent rows offlat iron bars set on edge upon the said plates and embedded in theupper layer, and an elastic substance filling the channel between thebars, substantially as described.

5. A concrete orcement pavement, comprising two superposed layers,plates located at intervals u on the lower layer, caps partlyoverlapping t e plates, two adjacent rows of flat iron bars seton edgeupon the said plates and embedded in the u per layer, and an elasticsubstance filling t e channel between the bars, substantially asdescribed.

6; A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers,plates located IIC at intervals upon the lower layer, caps partlyoverlapping the lates and preserving a space d ges and the pavingmaterial, two adjacent rows of flat iron bars set on edge upon the saidplates and embedded in the upper layer, and an elastic substance filling the channel between the bars, substantially as described. 1

7. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, andtwo continuous rows 0 fiat iron bars set on edge, end to end, -upon thelower layer and embedded in the upper layer, an elastic substancefilling the channel between the bars, the butt-joints of the bars of theone row' being displaced relatively to the butt-joints of the adjacentrow, substantially as described.

8. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, anda pluraledge upon the lower layer and embedded in the upper layer, anelastic substance filling the channel between the bars, and there beingone pair of rows located at each side of the pavement and cross pairs ofrows connecting the lateral rows, substantially as described.

10. A concrete or cement pavement, comrising two superposed layers, anda plurality of pairs of rows of flat iron bars set on edge upon thelower layer and embedded in the upper layer, an elastic substancefilling the channel between the bars, and there being one pair of rowslocated at each side of the pavement and cross pairs of rows, presentingan obtuse angle, connecting the lateral rows, substantially asdescribed.

11. A concrete or cement pavement, com

rising two su erposed layers, and two ad- Jacent rows of at iron barsset on edge upon the lower layer and embedded in the upper layer, and anelastic substance fillin the channel between the bars, substantiafiy asdescribed.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 17th day of May,1905, in the presence of two subscribin witnesses.

ROBERT iiIESERLING.

Witnesses:

FRANZ SCHWENTERLEY, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

